Rule 1: 1. كَادَ 'almost' and لَا يَكَادُ 'hardly'
كَادَ is followed directly by an imperfect indicative (an أَنْ is possible but rarer): كَادَ الْوَلَدُ يَسْقُطُ the boy almost fell, كِدْتُ أَنْسَى I almost forgot. Negated with لَا, لَمْ or مَا, it means hardly, scarcely: لَا يَكَادُ يُوجَدُ فَارِقٌ there is hardly any difference, لَمْ يَكَدْ يَرَاهُ he could scarcely see him. مَا كَادَ ... حَتَّى is no sooner ... than. The verb is hollow (root ك و د): perfect كَادَ, كَادَتْ, كَادُوا, but كِدْتُ, كِدْتَ, كِدْنَا with kasra when the ending begins with a consonant; imperfect يَكَادُ, تَكَادُ, أَكَادُ, نَكَادُ, يَكَادُونَ; jussive يَكَدْ. Learn these forms now; the class is explained fully in a later lesson.
كَادَ الضَّيْفُ يَنَامُ مِنَ التَّعَبِ.
kāda ḍ-ḍayfu yanāmu mina t-taʿabi
The guest almost fell asleep from tiredness.
كِدْتُ أَنْسَى اسْمَ الشَّيْخِ.
kidtu ansā sma sh-shaykhi
I almost forgot the sheikh's name.
First person: كِدْتُ with kasra.
لَا يَكَادُ يُوجَدُ فَارِقٌ بَيْنَ الشَّيْخِ وَأَفْرَادِ قَبِيلَتِهِ.
lā yakādu yūjadu fāriqun bayna sh-shaykhi wa-afrādi qabīlatihi
There is hardly any difference between the sheikh and the members of his tribe.
لَا يَكَادُ + passive imperfect يُوجَدُ.
لَمْ يَكَدِ الْغَرِيبُ يَفْهَمُ كَلَامَهُمْ.
lam yakadi l-gharību yafhamu kalāmahum
The stranger could hardly understand their speech.
Jussive يَكَدْ, its sukūn becoming kasra before the article.
مَا كَادَ الضَّيْفُ يَجْلِسُ حَتَّى قُدِّمَتْ لَهُ الْقَهْوَةُ.
mā kāda ḍ-ḍayfu yajlisu ḥattā quddimat lahu l-qahwatu
No sooner had the guest sat down than coffee was served to him.
لَا تَكَادُ هٰذِهِ الْعَادَةُ تُعْرَفُ فِي الْمُدُنِ.
lā takādu hādhihi l-ʿādatu tuʿrafu fi l-muduni
This custom is hardly known in the cities.