Rule 1: 1. هٰؤُلَاءِ and أُولٰئِكَ
You met هٰؤُلَاءِ these in lesson 37. Its partner for pointing at persons farther away is أُولٰئِكَ those (ulāʾika), the plural of ذٰلِكَ and تِلْكَ. Like هٰؤُلَاءِ it serves both genders and never changes its form; the noun after it shows the case. Note the spelling: a و is written after the hamza but not pronounced, and the alif is the small dagger alif.
أُولٰئِكَ مُسَافِرُونَ.
ulāʾika musāfirūna
Those are travellers.
أُولٰئِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنَ الْقَاهِرَةِ.
ulāʾika-l-muslimūna mina-l-qāhirati
Those Muslims are from Cairo.
هٰؤُلَاءِ الْمُدَرِّسَاتُ هُنَا وَأُولٰئِكَ الْمُدَرِّسَاتُ هُنَاكَ.
hāʾulāʾi-l-mudarrisātu hunā wa-ulāʾika-l-mudarrisātu hunāka
These teachers are here and those teachers are there.