Rule 1: 1. Colours and defects on the body
Parts of the body that come in pairs are feminine (lesson 31): عَيْنٌ, يَدٌ, رِجْلٌ, أُذُنٌ. Their colours therefore take فَعْلَاءُ, and in the dual فَعْلَاوَانِ. Single parts such as رَأْسٌ, وَجْهٌ, شَعْرٌ, لِسَانٌ are masculine and take أَفْعَلُ. A plural of things takes the feminine singular: أَسْنَانٌ بَيْضَاءُ. People with a defect take أَفْعَلُ / فَعْلَاءُ / فُعْلٌ: وَلَدٌ أَخْرَسُ, بِنْتٌ طَرْشَاءُ, رِجَالٌ خُرْسٌ.
شَعْرُ الْبِنْتِ أَسْوَدُ وَعَيْنَاهَا زَرْقَاوَانِ.
shaʿru-l-binti aswadu wa-ʿaynāhā zarqāwāni
The girl's hair is black and her eyes are blue.
وَجْهُ الْمَرِيضِ أَصْفَرُ وَلِسَانُهُ أَبْيَضُ.
wajhu-l-marīḍi aṣfaru wa-lisānuhu abyaḍu
The sick man's face is yellow and his tongue is white.
أَسْنَانُ الْوَلَدِ بَيْضَاءُ وَيَدَاهُ صَغِيرَتَانِ.
asnānu-l-waladi bayḍāʾu wa-yadāhu ṣaghīratāni
The boy's teeth are white and his hands are small.
أَسْنَانٌ is a plural of things: feminine singular agreement.
هٰذَا الرَّجُلُ أَطْرَشُ وَأُخْتُهُ خَرْسَاءُ.
hādha-r-rajulu aṭrashu wa-ukhtuhu kharsāʾu
This man is deaf and his sister is mute.
فِي الْمُسْتَشْفَى رِجَالٌ عُمْيٌ وَأَوْلَادٌ خُرْسٌ.
fi-l-mustashfā rijālun ʿumyun wa-awlādun khursun
In the hospital there are blind men and mute boys.