Rule 1: 1. Iḍāfa chains with proper names
A proper name is definite by itself, so an iḍāfa ending in a name is definite without any article: بِلَادُ الْيَمَنِ the land of Yemen, قَبِيلَةُ قُرَيْشٍ the tribe of Quraysh, أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ the people of Mecca. Chains of three or more terms are common in history: مَفَاتِيحُ بَيْتِ اللّٰهِ the keys of the House of God, طَرِيقُ قَوَافِلِ الشَّامِ the road of the caravans of Syria. An adjective belonging to any term comes after the whole chain: سَاحِلُ الْبَحْرِ الْأَحْمَرِ the coast of the Red Sea. Only the last term may carry the article, and every term after the first is genitive. Many names are diptotes and take fatḥa for the genitive: مِنْ مَكَّةَ from Mecca, بَنُو عَدْنَانَ the sons of ʿAdnān, نَسْلُ قَحْطَانَ the descendants of Qaḥṭān, بَيْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ; but قُرَيْشٌ and اَلشَّامُ decline fully: تُجَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ, إِلَى الشَّامِ.
سَكَنَتْ قَبِيلَةُ قُرَيْشٍ مَكَّةَ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِزَمَنٍ طَوِيلٍ.
sakanat qabīlatu qurayshin makkata qabla l-islāmi bi-zamanin ṭawīlin
The tribe of Quraysh settled in Mecca a long time before Islam.
مَكَّةَ: a diptote in the accusative as the object of سَكَنَ.
تَرْجِعُ قَبَائِلُ الشِّمَالِ فِي نَسَبِهَا إِلَى عَدْنَانَ.
tarjiʿu qabāʾilu sh-shimāli fī nasabihā ilā ʿadnāna
The tribes of the north trace their lineage back to ʿAdnān.
عَدْنَانَ: fatḥa for the genitive after إِلَى.
تَقَعُ مَكَّةُ قَرِيبًا مِنْ سَاحِلِ الْبَحْرِ الْأَحْمَرِ.
taqaʿu makkatu qarīban min sāḥili l-baḥri l-aḥmari
Mecca lies near the coast of the Red Sea.
A two-term iḍāfa followed by an adjective; الْأَحْمَرِ agrees with الْبَحْرِ and comes after the whole iḍāfa.
كَانَتْ مَفَاتِيحُ بَيْتِ اللّٰهِ فِي أَيْدِي رِجَالِ قُرَيْشٍ.
kānat mafātīḥu bayti llāhi fī aydī rijāli qurayshin
The keys of the House of God were in the hands of the men of Quraysh.