The letter و (Waw) has THREE different functions in Arabic - as a consonant, as a long vowel, and as a conjunction. Understanding these roles is essential. ☽ MOON LETTER (حرف قمري): When used as a consonant, Waw is a MOON LETTER. The definite article "ال" is pronounced fully. Example: الوَلَد = "al-walad" (the boy) - you clearly hear the "l" THE THREE ROLES OF WAW: 1. AS A CONSONANT: Pronounced like "w" in "water" or "wet". This occurs when Waw has its own vowel mark. Example: وَلَد (walad - boy) - the و has fatha, so it is "wa" 2. AS A LONG VOWEL (most important!): When و follows a letter with damma (ـُ), it creates the long "oo" sound (like "food"). Example: نُور = "noor" (light) - the ـُو combination = "oo" This is held twice as long as a short damma. 3. AS A CONJUNCTION: The letter و alone means "and" in Arabic! Example: أنا وأنت = "ana wa anta" (me and you) This is one of the most common words in Arabic. LETTER FORMS: - Isolated: و (when standing alone) - Initial: و (same - Waw does NOT connect forward) - Medial: ـو (after connecting to previous letter) - Final: ـو (at the end of a word) NON-CONNECTOR: Waw NEVER connects to the letter that follows it. Like ا، ر، ز، د، ذ. VOWEL MARKS (when consonant): - وَ (with Fatha): "wa" - like "wa" in "water" - وُ (with Damma): "wu" - rare - وِ (with Kasra): "wi" - rare - وْ (with Sukoon): just "w" sound LONG VOWELS (Lesson 3 Focus): Remember the three long vowels: - ـَا (fatha + alif) = "aa" - ـُو (damma + waw) = "oo" ← This one! - ـِي (kasra + ya) = "ee" COMMON WORDS: - وَلَد (walad - boy) - نُور (noor - light) - long "oo" - يَوْم (yawm - day) - وَ (wa - and) Practice Tips: 1. Learn to recognize when و is a consonant vs. long vowel 2. If preceded by damma (ـُ), it is the long "oo" sound 3. Remember و = "and" when standing alone 4. Non-connector - simple round shape like the number 9